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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">chiruslaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Юридическая наука в Китае и России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legal Science in China and Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-9723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный юридический университет имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА)»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/2587-9723.2026.9.1.016-023</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">chiruslaw-246</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГРАЖДАНСКОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Типичные различия в применении судами общих условий внутренних перевозок пассажиров и багажа и соответствующего законодательства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Typical Adjudication Differences on the General Conditions of Domestic Carriage of Passengers and Baggage and their Application of Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ши</surname><given-names>Руй-Ке</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shi</surname><given-names>Rui-Ke</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ши Руй-Ке, исследователь</p><p>г. Кайфэн</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kaifeng</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Китайско-российский совместный центр сравнительного правоведения при Хэнаньском университете</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chinese-Russian Center for Comparative Law at Henan University</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ши Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ши Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shi R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://chiruslaw.msal.ru/jour/article/view/246">https://chiruslaw.msal.ru/jour/article/view/246</self-uri><abstract><p>В спорах, возникающих из договоров внутренней воздушной перевозки пассажиров и багажа, наблюдаются существенные различия в применении общих условий перевозки. Указанные расхождения проявляются в трех категориях споров: 1) о действительности стандартных условий (договора присоединения), ключевая проблема которых заключается в судебных разночтениях между требованиями формального соблюдения требований и материально-правовым согласованием условий; 2) об ответственности за повреждение багажа, в которых основное противоречие проявляется в коллизии между положениями общих условий перевозки и нормами Воздушного кодекса, а также в отсутствии справедливости вследствие существенного отставания действующего норматива возмещения («компенсация за килограмм веса»); 3) об ответственности за нарушение обязательств при замене типа воздушного судна, ключевой аспект которых заключается в противоречии между стремлением авиаперевозчика посредством стандартных условий снять с себя гарантию соблюдения типа воздушного судна и разумными ожиданиями пассажиров относительно качества предоставляемой услуги.В целях формирования единообразного подхода и устранения неопределенности в правоприменении действие стандартных положений должно соответствовать двойным стандартам, предусмотренным статьей 10 Разъяснения Верховного суда по вопросам толкования Общих принципов контрактов.Стандарт компенсации за повреждение багажа должен заполнить правовые пробелы в соответствии с принципом справедливости, закрепленным в ст. 6 Гражданского кодекса, и соответствовать международным стандартам компенсации, предусмотренным в проекте изменений Воздушного кодекса, что позволит сформировать справедливый и разумный механизм компенсации. Определение факта нарушения условий контракта в связи с изменением типа воздушного судна должно основываться на принципе стандарта обслуживания, установленном в ст. 821 Гражданского кодекса, с учетом объективного критерия ухудшения качества услуги.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In domestic air passenger transportation contract disputes, there are signiﬁcant differences in the legal application of the general conditions of transportation, which are concentrated in three types of disputes: ﬁrst, the dispute over the validity of the standard clause, the core of which lies in the judicial difference between the formal compliance requirements and the substantive agreement; Second, the dispute over the standard of compensation for baggage damage focuses on the conﬂict between the provisions of the general conditions of carriage and the provisions of the Civil Aviation Law, and the lack of substantive fairness due to the serious lag of the current compensation standard of “compensation per kilogram”; Third, the key to the dispute over liability for breach of contract for aircraft type change lies in the tension between the airline’s obligation to eliminate the type guarantee obligation and the reasonable service expectations of passengers through standard clauses. In order to build consensus and clarify the application of law, the effect of standard clauses should follow the dual standards of conspicuous reminder and substantive knowledge in Article 10 of the Judicial Interpretation of the General Principles of Contracts. The standard of compensation for baggage damage should ﬁll the subsequent legal loopholes with the principle of fairness in Article 6 of the Civil Code, and connect with the international compensation standard introduced in the Civil Aviation Law (Revised Draft) to form a fair and reasonable compensation mechanism. The determination of breach of contract for aircraft type change shall be based on the “service standard principle” established in Article 821 of the Civil Code, and the objective impairment of service quality shall be the criterion.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>общие условия воздушной перевозки</kwd><kwd>стандартные условия (договор присоединения)</kwd><kwd>действие условий договора присоединения</kwd><kwd>повреждение багажа</kwd><kwd>замена типа воздушного судна</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>general conditions of air transport</kwd><kwd>standard clauses</kwd><kwd>Subscription effect</kwd><kwd>damage to baggage</kwd><kwd>aircraft type change</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dang Si-Chen. 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