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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">chiruslaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Юридическая наука в Китае и России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legal Science in China and Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-9723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный юридический университет имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА)»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/2587-9723.2023.6.050-059</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">chiruslaw-200</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>УГОЛОВНОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Практика применения штрафных санкций за экологические правонарушения, определенные в Гражданском кодексе КНР</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study on the application of the system of punitive damages for ecological environmental infringement in Civil Code</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ван</surname><given-names>Ли</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Li</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доцент юридического факультета Университета Хэнань, директор Центра прокурорских исследований функциональных преступлений Хэнаньского университета</p><p>Кайфэн, провинция Хэнань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate professor, law school, henan university, Henan University Prosecutorial Research Center for Functional Crimes Director.</p><p>Kaifeng, Henan Province</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">15637850221@163.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чэнь</surname><given-names>Минхуэй</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Ming-Hui</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник Центра прокурорских исследований служебных преступлений Хэнаньского университета</p><p>Кайфэн, провинция Хэнань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher at the Procuratorial Research Center of Duty Crimes.</p><p>Kaifeng, Henan Province</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">15637850221@163.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Хэнаньский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Henan University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ван Л., Чэнь М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ван Л., Чэнь М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Wang L., Chen M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://chiruslaw.msal.ru/jour/article/view/200">https://chiruslaw.msal.ru/jour/article/view/200</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья 1232 Гражданского кодекса КНР формально устанавливает систему штрафных санкций за экологические правонарушения с целью содействия созданию экологической цивилизации и сдерживания экологических нарушений. В 2022 г. Верховный народный суд Китая издал Толкование о применении штрафных санкций в судебных разбирательствах по спорам об экологических правонарушениях, которое в определенной степени решило такие проблемы, как предмет требований о штрафных санкциях и сумма ущерба, но по-прежнему не ясно распределение штрафных санкций и существует несправедливое распределение бремени доказывания в судебной практике. Судебные издержки в связи с возмещением штрафных убытков слишком высоки, а альтернативные меры по выплате штрафных убытков отсутствуют. В целях совершенствования судебного применения системы возмещения штрафных убытков за экологические правонарушения следует рассмотреть возможность создания вертикальной системы управления компенсациями, разумно распределить бремя доказывания, создать единую систему для сокращения, отсрочки и освобождения от расходов по судебным искам о возмещении ущерба в связи с экологическими правонарушениями и гибко внедрять альтернативные меры оплаты, такие как компенсация за трудовые услуги.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Article 1232 of the Civil Code formally establishes the punitive damages system for environmental tort with a view to promoting the construction of ecological civilization and deterring ecological violations. In 2022, the Supreme People’s Court issued the Interpretation on the Application of Punitive Damages in the Trial of Ecological and Environmental Infringement Disputes to a certain extent, which solved the problems such as the subject of punitive damages claims and the amount of damages, but the system still has unclear attribution of punitive damages and unfair distribution of burden of proof in judicial practice. The litigation cost of punitive damages is too high, and the alternative payment measures of punitive damages are absent. In order to improve the judicial application of the punitive damages system for ecological and environmental torts, we should consider establishing a vertical compensation management system, reasonably allocate the burden of proof, establishing a unified system for reducing, postponing and exempting the costs of punitive damages lawsuits for environmental torts, and flexibly implementing alternative payment measures such as compensation for labor services.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Гражданский кодекс</kwd><kwd>экологический деликт</kwd><kwd>штрафные санкции</kwd><kwd>судебное применение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Civil code</kwd><kwd>Environmental tort</kwd><kwd>Punitive damages</kwd><kwd>Judicial application</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cui Ming-feng, Ou Shan. 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